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Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination is a term that covers a range
of techniques of placing sperm into the female genital tract. Such inseminations
may include intravaginal insemination, intracervical insemination, intrauterine
insemination, intraFallopian insemination and intraperitoneal insemination,
where sperm are placed inside the pelvis near the mouth of the Fallopian
tubes and ovaries).
The most commonly used techniques are intrauterine
insemination followed by intracervical and intravaginal insemination.
Artificial insemination may use the husbands
sperm (AIH) or donor sperm (AID).
Who might benefit from insemination?
There are selected groups of patients to whom sperm
donation is recommended.
- Men who are unable to ejaculate inside their wife’s vagina for
whatever reasons. This is the classical indication. Causes for ejaculation
failure include diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and
retrograde ejaculation, where sperm are released backward into the
bladder instead of urethra. Retrograde ejaculation may be due to diabetes,
trauma or operation in the bladder neck or a side effect of certain
drugs.
- Men with mildly low
sperm count, poor quality sperm or
antisperm antibodies.
- Men who wish to freeze their sperm for possible future use before
vasectomy,
chemotherapy or radiotherapy
for cancer.
- Women with mild
endometriosis.
- Women with cervical
mucus hostility or poor cervical mucus.
- Couples with unexplained
infertility.
- Some infertility clinics may offer intrauterine insemination of
a HIV negative woman with washed and prepared sperm of her HIV positive
husband/partner.
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